Sunburn: Understanding the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Posted on: June 27th, 2025 by Our Team

As we head into a beautiful North Carolina summer, our blog at Apex Skin Center focuses on sunburns this week! Sunburns are a common skin condition that occurs when the skin is overexposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources, such as tanning beds. Most of us have had a sunburn at some point in our life! Sunburn can cause pain, redness, and blistering, and in severe cases, it can lead to skin damage and an increased risk of skin cancer. This risk for skin cancer is what prompts board-certified dermatologist and board-certified, fellowship trained Mohs surgeon Dr. Thomas Knackstedt to prompt sun protection and sunscreen use to every patient during every visit at Apex Skin Center! Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for sunburn is important for anyone who wants to protect their skin from harmful UV rays.

What causes sunburn?

Sunburn is caused by overexposure to UV radiation from the sun or artificial sources. UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, causing them to become red, swollen, and painful. The amount of UV radiation that reaches the skin depends on several factors, including the time of day, season, altitude, and location.

What are the symptoms of sunburn?

The symptoms of sunburn can vary, but typically include:

• Red, tender, and warm skin
• Pain, burning, or itching
• Blisters
• Swelling
• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Chills
• Fever

How is sunburn treated?

Treatment for sunburn depends on the severity of the condition, and may include:

• Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
• Hydration: Drinking plenty of water and other fluids can help to replace fluid loss and prevent dehydration. Replenishing electrolytes is just as important so sometimes coconut water or a sports/exercise drink can be helpful. Alcohol should be avoided during this period as it can worsen the symptoms of dehydration.
• Cool compresses: Applying cool compresses to the affected area can help to reduce pain and itching.
• Moisturizers: Using a moisturizing cream or lotion can help to soothe sunburned skin and prevent peeling.

To protect your skin from harmful UV rays, it is important to use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and limit your exposure to the sun, especially during peak hours. After a sunburn, the skin is particularly sensitive to reburning. If the symptoms of a sunburn do not resolve in a few hours, it is important to seek medical attention!